Irish Immigrants In Early America Essay - 1351 Words

Before the notorious potato famine, many Irish were moving across the Atlantic to America in hopes of a more prosperous, uncomplicated and trouble-free lifestyle. Irish emigrants looked at America to offer a higher standard of living through high wages and low commodity costs. With the myths of an easily attainable lifestyle existing in America, it is no wonder why later; there were so many potato famine-era immigrants that they established the basis for the significant Irish population and ethnicity in the United States. The emphasis in the last proposition, however, is on the word myth. Many of those fleeing Ireland may or may not have believed that America would offer a prosperous and uncomplicated lifestyle. But most did believe that†¦show more content†¦The Social Fabric describes American opportunity for the Irish: Even with the advantage of knowing English, the famine-era Irish had much going against them in America. They had few marketable skills, little education, and no money. Substantial social disorganization, poverty, crime, disease, alcoholism, and family dissolution Ââ€" accompanied their resettlement in America (241). Employment wasnt offering an answer to the undesirable living conditions due to the Irishs lack of experience and skills. There was an abundant need for unskilled labor in America but because there were so many people looking for work, the wages remained ultimately low. Pay was often so low that Irish families would supplement their income by selling milk in the cities (242). Because the Irish portrayed an undesirable, under-standard, and unskilled image, job-seekers would commonly see a NINA (No Irish need apply) sign in the windows of what could have been prospective employers. The Social Fabric states that Germans were often found as unskilled laborers also. Actually, Germans outnumbered Irish in unskilled labor positions, but Germans commonly ended up in building, construction or where apprenticeship was available. The Irish rarely saw mobility in unskilled labor jobs (243). Once a job was found, the working conditions were nothing to look forward to. The pay was very low (around eighty cents per day) and was usually seasonal at that. Predictable hours and shifts were not offeredShow MoreRelatedIrish Immigration in America Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity Journey to America Story of the Irish in Antebellum America HS101 - US History to 1877 William J. McMonigle - 3055083 Friday, October 28, 2005  When many think of the times of immigration, they tend to recall the Irish Immigration and with it comes the potato famine of the 1840s however, they forget that immigrants from the Emerald Isle also poured into America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The assimilation and immigration of the Irish has been difficultRead MoreA Race United Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the first Irish immigrants landed on the eastern shores of America in the 18th century, they were met by intolerance from the Native whites who saw them as a threat to the American way of life. The Dangers of Foreign Immigration, an article written by Samuel Morse in 1835, exposits much of the anti-immigrant sentiment prevalent in the 19th century. To the natives, the Irish were simply niggers turned inside out (Anonymous Satirism), who came to America as refugees from Ireland to depriveRead More Immigration into the USA Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration into the USA My essay is a nation of immigrants in the United States which is about German, Irish, Jewish immigrants in the 1800’s or early 1900’s. I’m a Asian so I know about Asian immigration. But I didn’t know about Europe immigration very well. So I chose it among many topics. I know that I will find about aspect of immigration important and I will fall into interest of this history. A continuing high birthrate accounted for most of the increase in population, but by theRead MoreEssay about The Plight of Immigrants to Boston894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Plight of Immigrants to Boston Since its conception in the early 1600s, Boston, the so-called City on a Hill, has opened its doors to all people of all ethnic and religious background. At times there were many who fought to prevent the immigrants, while other people, at the same time, helped those who made it to the Americas, more specifically, Boston to make a new life for themselves. The immigrants from Ireland were not unfamiliar with this trend in American history. More often thanRead MoreFarmworkers Daughter Essay examples1621 Words   |  7 PagesIn Farmworker’s Daughter, Rose Castillo Guilbault describes what it means to grow up Mexican in America. Her narrative points to the dividing of identity as well as the prejudices she and her family experienced in California. Her experience is both similar to and different from many of the immigrant groups that came to America before her. Throughout the novel, Guilbault portrays the dichotomy of holding on to her family’s Mexican heritage and cultural traditions while also trying to assimilateRead More Ideal Family: Defining the Ideal Family Throughout American History1445 Words   |  6 Pagesto this point families in America were similar to British families. The father was the head of the household, but lived in harmony with his wife. The children were seen as part of the family’s labor force, helping to produce food and supplies for the family. The church ruled the family as much as colonial law in the late 18th. A change in the general economy paved the way for the emergence of a new type of family. The market economy arose in the 1800’s in America. Goods were no longer beingRead MoreIrish in America Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesIrish in America America is a melting pot of different cultures, religions, ideas and identities, a country which over the years has been molded, shaped and changed by its people. There are many historical factors that gone into creating the country as we know it today, but none so influential as the immigration of millions to â€Å"the land of opportunity†. The millions of people who came to the United States in hopes of finding a better life greatly affected the course of American historyRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay935 Words   |  4 Pages19th century to describe the early American settlers’ belief that expansion was unavoidable, and destined to happen. The idea led to settlers migrating westward with the notions that whatever acts they committed were justified. The belief that the circumstances warranted their behaviors. This mindset led to the Indian Removal Act, the Mexican-American War, the California Goldrush, and eventually the development of railroads across the co ntinent which helped shape Americas revolution. Mexican-AmericanRead MoreAnalysis of The Irish Way by James R. Barrett1572 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis The book, â€Å"The Irish Way† by James R. Barrett is a masterpiece written to describe the life of Irish immigrants who went to start new lives in America after conditions at home became un-accommodative. Widespread insecurity, callous English colonizers and the ghost of great famine still lingering on and on in their lives, made this ethnic group be convinced that home was longer a home anymore. They descended in United States of America in large numbers. James R. Barrett in his book notesRead More Irish Potato Famine Essay examples1633 Words   |  7 Pages In the early 1800s life in Ireland wasn’t easy, Irish citizens got by day to day by farming and relying on the potato. The potato was their main source of food and money. With out the potato the Irish would have nothing. No one was prepared for what was about to happen in 1845, the beginning of the Great Irish Potato Famine. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Irish Potato Famine was the worst tragedy in the history of Ireland. The outcome of the famine would result in hundreds of thousands dead

Disability Dis - 706 Words

Congress passed an act in 1990, named the ADA, which Congress has provided guidelines that establish â€Å"broad nondiscrimination protection in employment, public services, public accommodations and services operated by public entities, transportation, and telecommunications for individuals with disabilities†. () The individual states under Title I of the act are placed under provisions of the federal government to follow through with disability accommodations. ()? While the national government has provided the guidelines for the states to follow under the ADA, that state carries policies out without funding, unfunded mandates. The federal government has guidelines for what a disabled person must qualify as and has dealt with many supreme†¦show more content†¦The ADA though established by Congress, has been put to action by the states. The federal government knows the general political culture of the country, though split majorly, all seem to come to terms with disab ility accommodations. However, who knows the people better the national government, the state governments. As previously stated the state government knows the political culture within their state. The state government shouldn’t have complete power over the ADA regulations. That is the federal governments job to lay out the powers granted to the states and for the states to meet those required needs for their people. For example the court case, Bartlett v. New York State Board of Law Examiners, the state complied with the accommodations (title I provisions) for the dyslexic in the state bar exam, as this what the national government wants the state to do, to accommodate to these mishaps within the state law. This was established not for all the states to comply but only New York had made this accommodation because it was in accordance with their persons. This is a straightforward example of cooperative federalism between the two governments. The federal government should, how ever, devolve more power to the states, by lifting their â€Å"limitations in their ability to vary their territory without congressional permission.† () The federal government should still hold power to the establish requirements for theShow MoreRelatedEssay on 4222-258 INTRODUCTORY AWARENESS OF SENSORY LOSS893 Words   |  4 Pagesand beliefs? Attitudes and beliefs can impact individuals with sensory loss in quite a negative way because people in society can be very judgmental towards people with disabilities, and put them in a group of people with below average intelligence and assume they can’t do or think the same way as other people without disabilities can. People in society can also be very prejudice and ignorant and think they are better than people with sensory loss, also thinking it gives them the right to make funRead MoreCauses of the Disparities in the Disability Benefits System Essay1767 Words   |  8 Pagesetc. Now, imagine being forced to cope with this on a daily basis. Millions of Americans suffer disabilities, both physical as well as mental that prevent them from performing normal day-to-day activities, one of which includes working. â€Å"The Social Security Administration (SSA) defines disability in terms of ability to work,† so why has there been an increasing amount of individuals denied disability benefits without personally meeting with an examiner. This along with the fact that there is a steadyRead MoreDisability The word disability is considered to be as the umbrella word. By umbrella word we mean2600 Words   |  11 PagesDisability The word disability is considered to be as the umbrella word. By umbrella word we mean that it covers a lot of meanings in it. Entomology: The word disability is composed of two words dis and ability. Dis is a negative word. It means to not do. Ability means the power of doing. Hence, the word disability means to do not have the power of doing something. When it comes to the sense of medical and health, we came to know that disability means the lacking of some physical power. Some peopleRead MoreHealth Care Benefit Programs For Employees Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagestimes more likely to be victims of violent crime than the general population (Mental Health.gov, 2016). As compared to other population groups, victims with dis-abilities experience higher rates of victimization, and they report crime less frequently, often because of the nature of their disabilities, such as cognitive or physical disabilities or mental illness (National Center for Victims of Crime, 2016). In news stories that mentioned mental illness and violence toward other people, close to 40%Read MoreAnalysis Of The Film Portrait Of Disability 1977 Words   |  8 PagesPortrait of Disability in the Film Industry Perceptions and stereotypes of people with disabilities have tended to remain the same over the past year, despite the continual progressing technology and legal rights. People with physical and mental disabilities are stigmatized because their bodies and minds do not reflect â€Å"the norm.† Different organizations and scholars have argued that the film industry in most of the cases has unjustly represented disabled people. Using the method of observationRead MoreDifferences Between Special Education And Inclusive Education3310 Words   |  14 PagesIdeological Perspectives on Disability In addressing any analysis of both special needs and inclusive education, we are faced with an initial semantic problem, and indeed with the central difficulties of definition and normative criteria (David et al, 2005 ). Special needs education comes about as a result of the demarcation of a distinction between abilities as defined by a particular body or bodies (Avramidis and Norwich, 2012). Any classification of the concept of ‘disability’ is, in itself, a complexRead MoreDisabled Sports Essay2574 Words   |  11 PagesWhen one looks at the word â€Å"disability†, it immediately conjures up an idea of what someone cannot do, or something physically wrong with an individual, that prevents them from doing something as the majority of society can do. When society looks at a person with a disability, society relates or compares them to what is considered â€Å"normal†. It is that comparison to the majority, or normality which causes society to view a disabil ity as a negative. Disabilities can limit someone or on the other handRead MoreDon’t DIS on my ABILITY1134 Words   |  4 PagesDon’t DIS on my ABILITY Throughout history, attitudes and perceptions towards people with physical disabilities have differed greatly from place to place. While all over the world many changes have taken place in status and treatment of persons with disabilities, the remnants of tradition and past belief influence present-day practices affecting those with disabilities (Wright 1973). People with disabilities are amongst the most marginalized groups in the world. According to the UN those with† Read MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Accidents Of Nature By Harriet Mcbryde Johnson Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesRedefining Normal: A Critical Analysis of (Dis)ability in Young Adult Literature by Jen Scott Curwood discusses the importance of proper disability representation in young adult literature for the benefit of school children. Curwood writes young adult literature should not only provide accurate portrayals of individuals with disabilities, but must offer themes that are not didactic, condescending, or pedantic (Curwood, 18) because literature about disabilities and differences can be a powerful toolRead MoreWhats Eating Gilbert Grape- Review and Critique2227 Words   |  9 Pagesinequities with regard to race, gender and homophobia (Conner Bejoian, 2006) have been somewhat relieved, disability is still immersed in harmful connotations that restrict and inhibit the life of people with disabilities in our society. Disability has appeared frequently in recent films (Byrd Elliot, 1988), a reflection of society’s interest in the subject. These films often misrepresent disability using stereotypes. These stereotypes reinforce negative and incorrect social perceptions of, and attitudes

Labor Relations Free Essays

In this paper, unions and labor relations will be defined and their impact on organizations will be elaborated. Also, the impact of changes in employee relations strategies, policies, and practices on organizational performance will be examined. After this, the question â€Å"Are unions still relevant in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Relations or any similar topic only for you Order Now S.?† will be answered. Furthermore, the campaign, the election, contract negotiations, grievance handling, arbitrations, labor relations, and strikes will be addressed. Labor unions and labor relations Labor unions, which are the watchdogs and negotiators for the American workforce, are a way of collectively bargaining with employers for fair working conditions and fair wages. The craft unions or skilled laborers and industrial unions or laborers in the same industry, regardless of skill are the two types of labor unions that are organized. In the U.S. Groups of highly-trained carpenters, tailors, printers, and weavers in the colonial age, the seed of modern labor unions were the guilds. Guilds, which are economic and social in nature, are associations of persons who are involved in the same craft or business. The workers who members of guilds are banded together so that the quality standards would be maintained and the employers’ hiring of skilled laborers from home would be ensured. In the mid-19th century, there was an increase in the number of new industrial unions which were created for the assertion of workers’ rights. This change in the personality of the American workforce was due to the invention of the steam engine and other industrial advancements. The Knights of Labor, which inaugurated the Labor Day holiday in 1882, was one of the most important industrial unions. In the 1890s, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was formed. It is composed of the craft unions which include both skilled and unskilled laborers. The federation was formed because its member craft unions were opposed to the composition of the Knights of Labor’s membership. The United Mine Workers and the Danburry Hatters case in 1902 were ones of the early conflicts and strikes included in this period. In the 1930s, when the Great Depression took place, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was formed. Many of the members of CIO were the dissidents of the AFL who favors industrial unionism. Workers in the steel, rubber, auto, maritime, glass, and meat packing industries were some of the major constituents of the CIO. In spite of the conflicts during the 30s and 40s, a powerful body known as the AFL-CIO was formed from the merging of the two national organizations in 1955. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent agency of the U.S. government. It was created under the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 or the Wagner Act and was amended by the acts of 1947 or the Taft-Harley Labor Act and 1949 or the Landrum-Griffin Act. The board affirmed the rights of the labor to organize and bargain collectively through representatives they chose or to refrain from such activities. The board which is composed of five members is assisted by 33 regional directors. The members are appointed by the U.S. President with the approval of the Senate for five-year terms. The proper bargaining units are determined, the elections for union representation are conducted, and the charges of unfair labor practices by employers are investigated by the board. Coercion, interference, or restraint in labor’s self-organizational rights is included in the unfair practices (Villanueva Siasoco). A research study revealed that the collaboration of an organization (such as community organizations) and a labor union is an impetus for change. For example, the labor unions and community organizations in Greater Boston, which have worked together in recent years, have achieved remarkable successes. Some of their victories include the passing of a Boston living wage ordinance, an increase in the minimum wage in Massachusetts, improvement in union contracts and in workplace conditions, an earned income tax credit on state income taxes, $6 million state job training program for 1, 500 workers, and a number of progressive tax policies which includes a new tax on capital gains. These significant achievements in Boston are reverberated throughout the country. This is manifested by the continuous formation of alliances by community organizations with the organized labor. Again, these alliances are formed for the purpose of tackling problems that affect the lives of the low-wage workers. The Service Employees International Union, which is known for its successful Justice for Janitors campaigns, is one of the unions that organize low-wage workers. The Hotel Employees and Restaurant Union is also a low wage-workers union. These unions are included in the most vibrant and fastest growing organizations in the country. The collaboration of labor unions and community organizations is really needed for the achievement of long-term goals of economic and social justice. The need for the collaboration is being intensified by the changes in the national economy over the last few decades. One the changes that forces for a collaboration of labor unions and community organizations is the shifting of the economy from higher-paying manufacturing jobs to lower-paying jobs in the service sector. Similarly, the public policy efforts for the promotion of the welfare of working families in general are being broadened by the labor movement. The national AFL-CIO, under the new leadership since 1995, has devoted increased resources to advocate policies. These policies include the universal health care coverage which is intended to benefit all American who are working (not only those who are members of unions) and the raising of the federal minimum wage. One of the impacts of labor unions in policies is the announcement of support of amnesty for undocumented immigrants by the AFL-CIO in February, 2000. In addition, the AFl-CIO also played a major role in organizing, planning, and supporting the Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride of 2003. This ride is a nationwide effort which aims to raise the visibility of the issues of the immigrant workers (Ranghelli 4). On the other hand, the impact of changes on employees is the decrease in the purchase of labor by employers because of the higher wages won by unions. The success in asserting for higher wages and better working conditions also reduced the number of jobs available (Reynolds). Are unions still relevant in the U.S.? The question â€Å"Are unions still relevant in the U.S.?† does not need anymore time to think about. Unions are absolutely relevant in the U.S. Considering the economic situation today, wherein the trend is to shift from higher-paying jobs to lower-paying jobs, to use more machines than labor force, and to employ contractualization, the exploitation of the labor sector becomes more intense. Thus, unions play a vital role in achieving economic and social justice. Considering the opinions raised by Reynolds, it is very shallow to say that the labor unions are the anticompetitive force in the labor markets. It is very inhumane to think of workers as simply inputs that are needed to be purchased in order for a process such as production or manufacturing to materialize. It is in this thinking where the exploitation of the laborers’ rights arises. Regarding campaigns and elections, union officers are elected based on the standards established by the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (LMRDA). Officers in the local unions are elected through secret balloting. On the other hand, officers of the national and international unions are elected either by secret balloting of the members or by delegates who are chosen by the secret ballot. The election of the officers of the national and international unions is held at least every five years. For the intermediate bodies, the election of officers is held at least every four years and for the local unions, election of officers is held at least every three years. The funds of a union may be used in conducting an election. Also, it is an option for the employers and unions to use their funds in promoting the candidacy of any candidate (http://www.dol.gov/compliance/topics/unions-elections.htm). Collective bargaining refers to the negotiations between an employer and a group of employees. Negotiations are done so that the conditions of employment would be determined. The result of the procedures of the collective bargaining is called collective agreement. Union or other labor organizations represent the employees in bargaining. Federal and state statutory laws, judicial decisions, and administrative agency regulations govern collective bargaining. Arbitration refers to the method of dispute resolution. This method is used as an alternative to litigation. Arbitration is usually used to resolve disputes between employers and employees during a collective bargaining (http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/Collective_bargaining#collective_bargaining_and_labor_arbitration:_an_overview). Usually, strike is the last resort taken by workers in addressing their grievances. Holding mass pickets is the most effective way to involve all strikers. Although strikes may mean decrease in wages or dismissal from work, success in such solidarity actions is effectively achieved through picketing the workplaces of the workers (http://libcom.org/organise/guide-to-taking-strike-action). The aforementioned concepts support the answer that unions are still relevant in the U.S. For example, the funds of unions are very vital during an election because may be used to promote the candidacy of a certain candidate who, when elected, must address the concerns not only of the workers but the families in general. Also, it is very significant in addressing the welfare of the people because what labor unions fight for is not just their interests but the interests of the masses. Again, labor union should not be viewed as a hindrance for the economic development. It is not enough to say that a country is developed based on a high gross national product which is achieved through lower cost of production that includes lower wages for the laborers. Higher gross national product which is achieved through exploitations of workers does not mean economic and social justice. Reference Collective bargaining and labor arbitration: an overview. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/Collective_bargaining#collective_bargaini  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ng_and_labor_arbitration:_an_overview John. (November 11, 2006). Guide to taking strike action. Retrieved November 18, 2006,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://libcom.org/organise/guide-to-taking-strike-action National Labor Relations Board. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/bus/A0834954.html Ranghelli. (March 2005). Joining Forces Community Organizations and Labor Unions Form   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New Collaborations. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from Unions and Union Members: Union Elections. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.dol.gov/compliance/topics/unions-elections.htm Villanueva Siasoco, Ricco. Hard Labor. How unions fought to honor the American worker.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved November18, 2006, from http://www.factmonster.com/spot/labor1.html       How to cite Labor Relations, Essay examples

Aspiring to Help Others free essay sample

I walked on the pavement from my mom’s car to my house, carrying as many grocery bags as I could. My brother and I put the groceries away while my mom decided to drive the car to the back of the house to put it in the driveway. After about five minutes, my brother and I questioned why our mom was taking such a long time to return. We were a little scared, but realized that it probably was not anything too serious. Moments later, I heard my mom screech, â€Å"Help!† My brother and I immediately rushed to the door to see what has happened. We saw our mother lying on the porch, slowly losing consciousness as she was struggling to breathe. I instantly called 911 and woke up my father. While we waited for the ambulance to arrive, we tried to her calm her down as it seemed she had started to relax and slowly regain her breath. We will write a custom essay sample on Aspiring to Help Others or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, she started to lose her breath again and turned blue. It seemed like her life had just taken a downward spiral. My dad performed CPR until the ambulance arrived. The ambulance immediately took her to the nearest hospital and my dad, my brother, and I got into a car and rushed to the hospital as well. Once we got to the hospital, the worker at the front desk took us to a room to wait for the potential devastating news about my mother. After the most nervous 10 minutes of my life, the doctor walked in and told us that my mother is breathing and she is alright. My family and I were relieved. My dad’s actions that night further inspired me to become a contributor in the medical field. It is one of the reasons that I plan to study Sports Medicine and Nutrition at the University of Pittsburgh.